Sources
The laws, rules, reports and research this site draws on. The site describes the rules in force for the 5 November 2024 General Election. Where a law has changed since, the archived copies show the text that applied then.
National and background
Overviews of state audit laws
- NCSL: Post-Election Audits State-by-state table. Tracks current law, not the rules in force for 2024.
- NCSL: Every State Has Now Enacted a Post-Election Audit Law
- Verified Voting: Audit Law Database Detailed state pages; some describe law adopted after November 2024.
- U.S. Election Assistance Commission: Election Audits Across the United States
- MIT Election Data and Science Lab: Post-election audits
Studies of audit results
- Baltz, Gonzalez, Guo, Jaffe and Stewart, “Audits of the 2020 American election show an accurate vote count,” PNAS 122(20), 2025 A national dataset of 2020 audit results from 27 states.
- Verified Voting: Recounts and Audits in Seven 2024 Swing States
- Free Speech For People: Post-Election Audits in Most Swing States Provide Scant Evidence to Confirm Election Outcomes
Background on audit methods
- Ryan, “Risk-Limiting and Ballot Image Audits,” ch. 20 in Griffith and Young (eds.), America Votes! Challenges to Modern Election Law and Voting Rights, 4th ed., American Bar Association, 2020, pp. 319–334 Library catalog record. Compares the two methods and describes the state of audit law in 2019.
- Principles and Best Practices for Post-Election Tabulation Audits (Garland et al., eds.), December 2018
- Lindeman, Stark et al., “Retabulations, Machine-Assisted Audits, and Election Verification,” 2013 The case against treating ballot-image re-counts as audits.
Risk-limiting audit methods
- Lindeman and Stark, “A Gentle Introduction to Risk-Limiting Audits,” IEEE Security & Privacy 10(5), 2012 The standard plain-language introduction.
- Stark, “Super-Simple Simultaneous Single-Ballot Risk-Limiting Audits”
- Stark, “Efficient Post-Election Audits of Multiple Contests: 2009 California Tests”
- Zagórski, McClearn, Morin, McBurnett and Vora, “Minerva: An Efficient Risk-Limiting Ballot Polling Audit,” USENIX Security 2021
- Zagórski et al., “The ATHENA Class of Risk-Limiting Ballot Polling Audits”
- Broadrick et al., “PROVIDENCE: a Flexible Round-by-Round Risk-Limiting Audit”
- VotingWorks: Arlo, the software behind most of the 2024 risk-limiting audits (GA, MI, PA, RI, VA, WA; Colorado uses its own)
Standards
- U.S. Election Assistance Commission: proposed voluntary audit standards (2026), with public comments
By state
Alabama
Law and rules
Alaska
Law and rules
Arizona
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
Audit results and reports
Arkansas
Law and rules
Audit results and reports
California
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
Audit results and reports
Colorado
Law and rules
Audit results and reports
Connecticut
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
Audit results and reports
Delaware
Law and rules
Audit results and reports
District of Columbia
Law and rules
Audit results and reports
Florida
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
Audit results and reports
Georgia
Law and rules
- O.C.G.A. § 21-2-498 (Justia; includes a 2026 change to (a)(4), the list of audited contests)
- Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. 183-1-15-.04
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
Audit results and reports
Hawaii
Law and rules
Idaho
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
Audit results and reports
Illinois
Law and rules
Indiana
Law and rules
Audit results and reports
Iowa
Law and rules
Kansas
Law and rules
Audit results and reports
Kentucky
Law and rules
Louisiana
No online sources beyond the state summary.
Maine
Other sources
Maryland
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
- COMAR 33.08.05.08 (Internet Archive copy, 27 Dec 2023)
- Md. Election Law § 11-309 (before the 2025 amendments) (Internet Archive copy, 4 Feb 2025)
Audit results and reports
Massachusetts
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
Audit results and reports
Michigan
Law and rules
Audit results and reports
Minnesota
Law and rules
Audit results and reports
Mississippi
Law and rules
Audit results and reports
Missouri
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
Montana
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
- MCA § 13-17-503 (Internet Archive copy, 14 Oct 2024)
- MCA § 13-17-507 (Internet Archive copy, 4 Oct 2024)
Audit results and reports
Nebraska
Other sources
Nevada
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
- NRS chapter 293 (Internet Archive copy, 6 Nov 2024)
- NAC chapter 293 (Internet Archive copy, 29 Oct 2024)
Audit results and reports
New Hampshire
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
- RSA 660:35 (Internet Archive copy, 8 May 2025)
- RSA 660:33 (Internet Archive copy, 8 May 2025)
- RSA 660:34 (Internet Archive copy, 3 Jun 2025)
Audit results and reports
New Jersey
Law and rules
Audit results and reports
New Mexico
Law and rules
Audit results and reports
New York
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
North Carolina
Law and rules
Audit results and reports
North Dakota
Other sources
Ohio
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
Audit results and reports
Oklahoma
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
Audit results and reports
Oregon
Law and rules
Audit results and reports
Pennsylvania
Law and rules
Audit results and reports
Rhode Island
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
Audit results and reports
South Carolina
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
Audit results and reports
South Dakota
Law and rules
Audit results and reports
Tennessee
Other sources
Texas
Law and rules
Utah
Law and rules
Other sources
- Utah Legislative Auditor General, A Performance Audit of Utah’s Election System (Report 2024-20, December 2024)
- Utah Legislative Auditor General, A Performance Audit of Piute and Wayne County Election Processes (Report 2025-04)
- Summit County notice of its audit of state-designated batches, 12 November 2024
- Cann, Monson and Murray, Post-Election Audits (study for the Legislature, 2023)
Vermont
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
Audit results and reports
Virginia
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
Audit results and reports
Washington
Law and rules
Text in force for November 2024 (archived copies)
- WAC 434-261-114 (Internet Archive copy, 2 Dec 2024)
- RCW 29A.60.170 (Internet Archive copy, 5 Nov 2024)
- WAC 434-261-117 (Internet Archive copy, 22 Jul 2024)
- WAC 434-261-116 (Internet Archive copy, 16 Nov 2024)
- WAC 434-261-115 (Internet Archive copy, 7 Dec 2024)
- RCW 29A.60.185 (Internet Archive copy, 16 Nov 2024)